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steven Newbie

加入: 7/24/2003 位置: 台灣 文章: 15
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乙基麥芽醇(ETHYL MALTOL)俗稱糖味香料;分子式:C7H8O3
屬單體香料之一種,其香氣芳香並廣泛於食品香料界使用
This product is synthesized with furfural, a extract form farm and sideline products, and has biological activity more than 88%. It could be used as sweet enhancer, flavour mixing, improving and fixing preparation as well an universal concentrated flavour enhancer.It has functions of preventing acid and bitter, removing smell of fidh and irritation. It is soluble in hot water, alcohol, glycerrine and chloroform. Maltol could be used in food, cigarettes, sensitized materials, anti-septic substances and cosmetics. One part of maltol can replace four parts of coumarin.
已被編輯: steven 在 8/21/2003 ∼ 10:43pm
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加入: 7/23/2003 位置: 台灣 文章: 12
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特純乙基麥芽醇,可耐180℃高溫,對食品增甜、增香具有顯著效果,並有抑酸、抑苦、去腥、防腐等功效,在國內外市場引起強烈反響。現將該產品的特性做以下簡述:安全性特純乙基麥芽醇是按FCC(食品化學品藥典)的主要規定推出市場的,在美國食品及藥品管理局(FDA)作為食品安全添加劑,食用香料製造者協會(FEMA),它是歐洲共同體食品科學委員會(EC/SCF)、中國食品添加劑協會(CB)都認可的產品。
增香性
特純乙基麥芽醇在高濃度下呈現不同的棉花糖味,受熱後呈焦香氣,該產品溶解性較大,能夠在較低的溫度下昇華,這種性質使它具有增香的特性。可廣泛用於霜淇淋、飲料、肉製品、糖果、餅乾等食品中,能明顯提高產品香氣。
高效性
如果簡單認為特純乙基麥芽醇是作為增香劑在食品加工中應用,那麼香蘭素、??類食用香料都有這樣作用。因此,特純乙基麥芽醇真正的高效性是體現在它的風味改良性能上,能將食品的各種風味體現的淋漓盡致。
A.改進食品原料的性能。生產廠家在進原料的過程中無法確保每一批的穩定性,如果沒有功能性增香物的加入,必然影響最終產品質量。特純乙基麥芽醇在這方面的功效得到來自世界各地專家的共識,它能夠很好的去除原料的雜味、異味,並保持長久清香的風味。如在肉製品加工中一些冷凍肉,雛雞肉在肉質、肉感上無法與新鮮肉相比,而特純乙基麥芽醇的加入能夠最大限度的縮短兩者之間的差距。
B.協調產品整體風味。現代食品的風味多樣奇特,生產廠家在調香方面的選擇上也是多樣化,但如果沒有選擇正確的香精香料,沒有掌握好其加入比例,同樣達不到預期效果。而特純乙基麥芽醇適用於各種食品,並且不突出自身的香味,而是作為一種基料來增強、修飾並平穩整體風味體系,使其更加完善、圓滑、協調。
還原性
該產品可以當作抗氧化劑阻止不良反應,延長食品貯存時間。
操作工藝上應注意的問題
A.可以將特純乙基麥芽醇配成2.5%的貯存液,然後按添加量進行使用。貯存液應在棕色玻璃瓶中保存。(本品1克可溶于56毫升水,10毫升乙醇,17毫升丙二醇)。
B.本品遇三氯化鐵呈紫紅色,應避免與鐵接觸。
參考用量(ppm) |
品名 |
用量 |
品名 |
用量 |
糖果 |
50∼120 |
巧克力食品 |
20∼50 |
霜淇淋 |
30∼100 |
調味料(雞精) |
20∼100 |
乳飲料 |
20∼70 |
醬油 |
80∼150 |
葡萄糖 |
10∼80 |
捲煙 |
100∼300 |
烘焙食品(餅乾、瓜子) |
30∼180 |
肉類、魚類(加工品) |
70∼170 |
飼料 |
50∼300 |
製藥 |
10∼50 |
已被編輯: tank 在 9/09/2003 ∼ 7:03am
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加入: 7/23/2003 位置: 台灣 文章: 12
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發表: 9/09/2003 ∼ 7:12am | IP 已記錄
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乙基麥芽醇是一種有芬芳香氣的白色結晶狀粉末,並有焦糖樣甜味,無論結晶狀或粉末,起溶液均比較穩定,但是容易和鐵生成絡合物,故溶液不宜長期與鐵器接觸,應保存在玻璃或塑膠容器中。該化合物屬於γ-吡喃酮 的衍生物,這個結構是麥芽酚同系物的母核。因為它有突出的焦糖味香氣,所以很適合於水果味、焦糖味為基礎的食品,如巧克力,果酒等。乙基麥芽醇對鹹味無作用,對酸/甜、香/甜味確有增效作用,對苦味,澀味有消殺作用。
乙基麥芽醇能對某一個成分的香味起增效作用,在肉、蛋、奶食品中效果顯著。例如把它加在肉製品中,能和氨基酸起作用,明顯增加肉香。對水果製品可根據水果的不同風味增香。家在各種天然果汁配製的原料中能明顯提高果味。加入飲料中,可抑制苦、酸味。加入以糖精代替糖的低熱或療效食品和飲料中,也可使糖精所產生的一種滯後的、較強的苦味大大減少,同時獲得最適宜的甜度,口感也由粗糙變得圓滑。
乙基麥芽醇對酸味和苦味有消殺作用,對食品原有的甜度有增效作用,所以,在生產番茄等蔬菜類、果醬類食品時,可使食品味道改善。乙基麥芽醇現已廣泛地用於調和香料、飲料、乳製品的增香。
乙基麥芽醇有風味“乳化作用”,可以使2個以上的風味更加協調,在風味之間架起橋樑,使整體香味更統一,產生協調的令人滿意的特徵風味.例如,在兌製水果酒時,由於其果味不明顯而酒精味強烈,不易被消費者接受。然而在這種酒中加入乙基麥芽醇,可使酒精味緩和而果味明顯突出,並使兩者合成一體,產生了很好的風味。乙基麥芽醇對山楂酒、葡萄酒的增香效果也很好。又如,國外某些食品公司為緩和巧克力香的刺激性,以前是加入香草醛類,但它會帶來異味,現在用乙基麥芽醇代替香草醛,可以受到很好的效果。乙基麥芽醇還具有抗菌、防腐性能。乙基麥芽醇水溶液有弱酸性,遇堿生成鹽,因此,乙基麥芽醇在酸性條件下增香效果好,隨著PH值升高,香氣減弱。 乙基麥芽醇類作香味增效劑使用,用量較小,一般的添加量在0.003%左右,有時僅幾個ppm就有效,用量過多會使產品有焦糖味.由於有些乙基麥芽醇同系物在非常低的使用濃度就能極為有效的起作用,所以在添加於食品時,要精確的稱取或調成濃度在0.5%以下的儲備液,再按配方的最佳濃度加入食品.為了防止其昇華損失,應選擇工藝中損失最小的溫度加入,而且要充分混合.以保證最終產品中增香劑的分佈均勻. 溶解度及參考用量見附表
乙基麥芽醇在水中的溶解度
溫度/℃ |
15 |
20 |
25 |
100 |
乙基麥芽醇 |
1.58 |
1.66 |
1.81 |
10.66 |
乙基麥芽醇在有機溶劑中的溶解度
溶劑 |
95%乙醇 |
無水乙醇 |
丙二醇 |
丙三醇 |
苯甲醇 |
三氯甲烷 |
乙基麥芽醇 |
10.00 |
10.00 |
5.88 |
0.20 |
10.00 |
20.00 |
乙基麥芽醇在一些食品中的參考用量
食品名稱 |
用量 (mg/kg) |
食品名稱 |
用量 (mg/kg) |
食品名稱 |
用量 (mg/kg) |
汽水 |
20-30 |
霜淇淋 |
10-30 |
汽水粉 |
10-150 |
低熱量飲料 |
20 |
巧克力布丁 |
75 |
果汁混合粉 |
10-150 |
葡萄汁 |
10-50 |
即席布丁 |
80-150 |
曲奇餅 |
10-100 |
桔汁 |
25-50 |
椰子布丁 |
75 |
餅乾 |
75-250 |
番茄汁 |
100 |
桔子凍 |
150 |
番茄肉湯 |
75 |
麥精牛奶 |
20-100 |
草莓凍 |
200 |
粉末肉湯 |
130-350 |
甜酒 |
20-200 |
桔子果醬 |
50-175 |
捲煙 |
100 |
巧克力飲料 |
250 |
草莓醬 |
50-175 |
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注意:1.生產上使用一般是在生產工藝的加熱的後期加入,如飲料、焙烤食品、冷 飲、酒類中是與香精一起添加。 2.1ppm=1mg/kg
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steven Newbie

加入: 7/24/2003 位置: 台灣 文章: 15
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發表: 9/26/2003 ∼ 10:21pm | IP 已記錄
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FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series No. 48A WHO/FOOD ADD/70.39
TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME EXTRACTION SOLVENTS AND CERTAIN OTHER SUBSTANCES
The content of this document is the result of the deliberations of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives which met in Geneva, 24 June -2 July 19701
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations World Health Organization
1 Fourteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series in press; Wld Hlth Org. techn. Rep. Ser., in press.
ETHYL MALTOL
Biological data
Biochemical aspects
Oral administration of ethyl maltol is almost completely absorbed from the gut. 65-70% appears in the urine as gluconomide or sulfate within 2 hours. None was detected in the faeces (Gralla et al., 1969).
Acute toxicity
Animal Route LD50 References (mg/kg body weight)
Mouse oral 780 Gralla et al., 1969 Rat oral 1150 Gralla et al., 1969 Chick oral 1270 Gralla et al., 1969
Short-term studies
Rat. Four groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were fed for 90 days on diets containing 0, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg body-weight of ethyl maltol. No abnormalities were detected with regard to survival, growth, organ weight, haematology, urinalysis, gross-and histopathology with the exception of some anaemia and icterus at the 250 mg/kg dose level. There was slight depression of body-weight only in females at the 500 and 1000 mg/kg level and very slight reduction at the 250 mg/kg level. The only pathological abnormality was noted at the highest level and consisted of dilatation of the glomerular tuft with protein loss and casts in Bowman's space and renal tubules (Gralla et al., 1969).
Dog. Four groups of beagles each received ethyl maltol in oral capsules at 0, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body-weight/day for 90 days. No deleterious effects were noted on mortality, body-weight gain, haematology, urinalysis, clinical chemistry and gross-and histopathology. Slight icterus was noted in the serum of animals at the two highest levels tested but this colour change may have been due to an iron complex formed by ethyl maltol. Vomiting occurred at the highest dose level (Gralla et al., 1969).
In another experiment four groups of 8 dogs each received orally capsules containing ethyl maltol at 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body-weight/day for 2 years. No abnormalities were found as regards mortality, body-weight, organ weight, haematology. urinalysis, clinical chemistry. gross-and histopathology except for slight myeloid
hyperplasia of the sternal marrow in 2 females at the 200 mg/kg level (Gralla et al., 1969).
Long-term studies
Rat. Groups of 25 male and female rats were fed for 2 years on diets containing ethyl maltol at the following dose levels: 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body-weight. No abnormalities were seen as regards growth rate or food consumption, urinalysis and haematology. Five male and five female rats were sacrificed after one year and the remainder after two years. There was no significant difference between controls and test animals with respect to growth, rate weight, survival, urinalysis, haematology, clinical chemistry, tumour incidence, gross-and histopathology (Gralla et al., 1969).
Special studies
Rat. Four groups of 20 rats given 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bodyweight/day were mated after 90 days feeding for 18 days and allowed-to produce a first litter. After a rest period they were mated again for 18 days and produced a second litter. No difference was seen between controls and test animals as regards conception, litter size, survival of pups, weight at weaning and teratology at 21 days of age (Gralla et al., 1969).
Comments
No data are available on the metabolic behaviour of ethyl maltol and studies on this aspect would be desirable. Adequate two year studies have been provided in rat and dog, in addition to a reproduction study in rats.
Evaluation
Level causing no toxicological effect in the rat
0.4 per cent (= 4000 ppm) equivalent to 200 mg/kg bodyweight in the rat.
Estimate of acceptable daily intake for man
mg/kg body-weight
Unconditional acceptance 0-2
REFERENCES
Gralla, E. et al. (1969) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 15, 604.
See Also:
Toxicological Abbreviations
Ethyl maltol (JECFA Evaluation)
Function: Flavour Enhancer, Stabilizer Food Cat. No. | Food Category | Max Level | Comments | Step | Year | 01.1.2 | Dairy-based drinks, flavoured and/or fermented (e.g., chocolate milk, cocoa, eggnog, drinking yoghurt, whey- based drinks) | 200 mg/kg | | 6 | | 01.7 | Dairy-based desserts (e.g., ice cream, ice milk, pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt) | 200 mg/kg | | 6 | | 03.0 | Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet | 200 mg/kg | | 6 | | 05.1 | Cocoa products and chocolate products including imitations and chocolate substitutes | 1000 mg/kg | | 6 | | 05.2 | Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougat, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3 and 05.4 | 200 mg/kg | | 6 | | 05.3 | Chewing gum | 1000 mg/kg | | 6 | | 07.2 | Fine bakery wares | 200 mg/kg | | 6 | | 14.1.4 | Water-based flavoured drinks, including “sport” or “electrolyte” drinks and particulated drinks | 200 mg/kg | | 6 | | 14.1.5 | Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa | 200 mg/kg | | 6 | | 14.2.2 | Cider and perry | 100 mg/kg | | 6 | | 14.2.3 | Wines | 100 mg/kg | Note 93 | 6 | | 14.2.4 | Fruit wine | 100 mg/kg | | 6 | |
已被編輯: tank 在 9/27/2003 ∼ 1:03am
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